成人學位英語考試??颊Z法:動詞的時態
考試重點:一般現在時(if 從句和as soon as 從句);進行時表將來;現在完成時和現在完成進行時的區別;完成時瞬間動詞以及have (has) been, have (has) gone的區別;過去完成時的時間狀語;將來完成時。
一、一般現在式
1、表示經常發生的動作或存在的狀態:常和always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every week的等時間狀語連用。
例:He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。
2、表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實,所以一般不用時間狀語。
例:The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
3、有些表示心理狀態或感情的動詞往往用一般現在時。
例:I don't think you are right.我以為你錯了。
4、在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作:常用的連詞有as soon as, when, till, if.
(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.
A. have finished
B. finish
C. finished
D. was finishing
(答案:B)
(2)When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.
A. will heat
B. will be heated
C. is heated
D. has heated
(答案:C)
二、一般過去時
1、表示過去的動作或狀態:常和過去時間狀語連用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。
例:You've already missed too many classes this term .You _____ two classes just last week.
A. missed
B. would miss
C. had missed
D. have missed
(答案:A.有具體的時間狀語要用過去時。)
2、used to do sth:過去常常做…
例:I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現在不在早晨散步了。)
3、it is high time (that)…句型中,謂語動詞用過去時。
例:Don't you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
(答案:B)
三、一般將來時
1、will (shall) +原形動詞:表示將來的動作或狀態。
例:He will come and help you. 他會來幫助你的。
2、be going to +動詞原形:表示馬上就要發生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例:Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個演講嗎?
3、be to +動詞原形:表示安排或計劃好了的動作。
例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
三環路將在國慶節前通車。
4、be about to +動詞原形:表示即將發生的動作。
5、例:The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。
6、某些表示開始、終結、往來行動的動詞如:go, come, start, arrive, leave 等的現在進行時可表示將來。
(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動身去北京。
(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外賓今晚到達濟南。
四、過去將來時
表示在過去預計將要發生的動作,常用于賓語從句。
例:He wanted to know when the conference would start.
他想知道會議何時開始。
五、現在進行時
1、表示此時此刻(說話時)正在進行的動作。
例:The teacher is talking with his students. 這位老師正在同他的學生交談。
2、表示現階段正在進行的動作,但此刻并不一定在進行。
例:I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京參加一個會議。
六、過去進行時
1、表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間。
例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點到九點他正在做作業。
2、when 和while 的用法
(1)I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.
A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played
(答案:A.連接詞when 表示時間上的點,其所引導的句子用過去時,while 表示持續的一段時間,其所引導的句子用過去進行時。)
(2)When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.
A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking
(答案為B)
(3)One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.
A. has slept B. were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping
(答案為D)
3、過去進行時表示過去將來的動作?,F在進行時可以表示將來的動作,同樣,過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時間看將來要發生的動作。
例:He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.
他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。
七、現在完成時
1、表示動作剛剛結束(常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用);或表示動作的結果(一般不用時間狀語)。
(1)Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關上。(說明現在燈已經關上了)
(2)I have lost my pen. 我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時丟的,現在我還沒有找到這支筆。)
2、表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續到現在,并且可能會繼續延續下去(常用since引導的短語或從句,或由for 引導的短語連用)。
(1)He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在這兒已經三十年了。(現在還住在這兒)
(2)They've known each other since childhood. 他們從小彼此相識。(現在還繼續來往)
3、非延續性動詞的完成時和it is +時間+since…(過去時)
英語中有些動詞不能延續, 因此不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用。
(1)He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.
A. gone into
B. joined in
C. been in
D. come into
(答案:C.用現在完成時表示“繼續”的概念時,只能用含有持續意義的動詞,不可用瞬間性動詞。)
(2)It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我離開上海已經三年了。
(如果是非延續動詞,這時常用 it is +時間+since 的句型代替,從句用過去時態。)
4、have (has) been to 和have (has) gone to 的區別
have (has) been to:去過某地(表示某人的一種經歷),可以和once, twice, often, never, ever 連用。
have (has) gone to:去某地了(表示某人已經離開此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱),此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。
(1)He has gone to America.(意思為他已經去了美國,現在不在此地)
(2)He has been to America twice. 他去過美國兩次。
八、過去完成時
1、表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已經完成了的動作(即過去的過去)。這個過去的某一時間可用by,before等介詞或連詞引導的短語或一個從句來表示。
例:About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.
A. invented
B. had invented
C. have invented
D. had been invented
(答案:B)
2、表示從過去某一時間開始,一直持續到另一個過去的時間的動作。
例:The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on
B. was on
C. has been on
D. would be on
(答案:A)
3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導的狀語從句的復合句中,由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發生的先后順序,因此,主句和從句都可以用一般過去時表示,而不用過去完成時。
例:I called him as soon as I arrived.我剛一到就給他打電話。
4、過去完成時常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,一…就…。句型之中,句子到裝。
(1)No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.
A. than
B. when
C. as
D. while
(答案為A)
(2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.
他剛打開門,蠟燭就被一陣風吹滅了。
九、將來完成時
表示在將來某一時間以前完成的動作。
1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.
A. will have
B. leaves
C. will have left
D. is leaving
(答案:C)
2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A. shall finish
B. must have finished
C. have finished
D. shall have finished
(答案:D)
十、現在完成進行時
表示從過去某時一直延續到現在的一個動作,這個動作一般會繼續延續下去,或是到說話時結束, 但是強調到說話時為止一直在做的動作。
例:I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A. was knocking
B. am knocking
C. knocking
D. have been knocking
(答案:D)




