4.研讀法

除了在閱讀理解中運用略讀法和讀法之外，有時還需要仔細閱讀文章的某一特定部分，力求對其有較深的理解，或對其進行歸納、總結、推斷等。這時就需要對這部分仔細閱讀，以便理解作者言外之意。這種仔細的閱讀方法就研讀法，通常適用于推斷型閱讀理解試題。

例：

Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortuately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.

But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale, waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.

Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.

Question: From your reading of the paragraph, which of the following is true?

A. At a depth of 1,200 feet the effects ofa violent surface storm are frightful.

B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.

C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean bed.

D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds, the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.

說明：本題答案為B項。此項為判斷題。在本文報后一段，作者表述的意思為：不管海浪多高，多兇猛，它只影響到海面以下有限的深度。即使在更大的風暴中，600英尺以下嘗試的水域也會像沒有一絲風的白天那樣風平浪靜。選頊A意為“狂風巨浪會對1200英尺以下的水域造成可怕的影響”；B項意為“一名在水深700英尺以下駕駛潛艇行的指揮員有會受海面上的狂風巨浪的影響”；C項意為“風速每小時500英里的臺風能海底的東西掀上來”；D項意為“如果巨浪襲擊海岸的力量水平方向為75000000磅，那么它的垂直方向作用在海底的力量比水平方向作用力還要大”。根據更后一段內容，只有B項正確，因為潛艇是在700英尺以下水域航行。A項，C項與B項矛盾，可以排除，D項在短文中沒有涉及。正是基于對這部分進行研讀，考生才能夠得出正確答案。